Neurotransmittor analyte levels are interpreted against reference ranges to determine whether concentrations fall within expected limits or demonstrate consistent levels of dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

• Low serotonin reduces stress buffering and weakens parasympathetic regulation, making sympathetic activation more easily triggered and sustained. High serotonin supports emotional stability and autonomic balance.

• Low GABA reduces inhibitory control, allowing hyperarousal to persist, presenting as tension, restlessness, and poor sleep. 

• High glutamate increases excitatory drive, contributing to racing thoughts, sensory hypersensitivity, and sustained arousal. 

• Low dopamine may reduce motivation and stress resilience. High dopamine may increase drive, impulsivity, and agitation under stress.

• High noradrenaline reflects sustained sympathetic hyperactivation, associated with vigilance, muscle tension, and elevated blood pressure. 

• High adrenaline reflects acute sympathetic surges, presenting as palpitations, tremor, and panic-like symptoms. 

It is important to note that neurotransmitters are produced in multiple areas of the body, including the gut, adrenal glands, peripheral nerves, and also within the brain itself. However, the brain is protected by a specialised barrier called the blood–brain barrier, which tightly regulates what substances can move in and out. Neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline do not freely cross this barrier.

For this reason, despite this urinary neurotransmitter testing serotonin and dopamine, it is levels outside of the brain in peripheral circulation. This provides useful information about overall stress and nervous system physiology, but as it does not directly measure neurotransmitter activity within the brain, it is best considered a supportive assessment tool alongside clinical symptoms for other conditions such as serotonin and dopamine deficiency. 

Urine