Medications changed by the liver

• Caffeine

• Clozapine

• Olanzapine

• Theophylline

• Tizanidine

• Duloxetine

• Ramelteon

• Glipizide

• Phenytoin

• Losartan

• Tramadol

• Metoprolol

• Fluoxetine

• Paroxetine

• Tamoxifen

• Amitriptyline

• Atorvastatin

• Simvastatin

• Amlodipine

• Diltiazem

• Cyclosporine

• Tacrolimus

• Midazolam

• Alprazolam

• Rivaroxaban

• Some HIV antiretrovirals

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Clove might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. If you are taking medications metabolised by the liver, monitor for any changes in how your medication affects you.

Medications for diabetes

• Glyburide

• Glipizide

• Insulin

• Sitagliptin

• Empagliflozin

• Semaglutide

• Dapagliflozin

Clove might lower blood sugar levels. Taking clove along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.

Medications that slow blood clotting

• Heparin

• Rivaroxaban

• Apixaban

• Dabigatran

• Clopidogrel

Oregano might slow blood clotting. Taking oregano along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. Phellodendron contains a chemical called berberine. Berberine might slow blood clotting. Taking phellodendron along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

Estrogens

• Oral contraceptive pill

• Estradiol

• Conjugated estrogens

• HRT combination products

Thyme might act like estrogen in the body. Taking thyme along with estrogen might decrease the effects of estrogen.

Cholinergic drugs

Thyme can increase a chemical in the body called acetylcholine. Some medications that are used for glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other conditions, also increase acetylcholine levels. Taking thyme with these medications might increase the chance of side effects.

Dextromethorphan

Phellodendron contains a chemical called berberine. Berberine might decrease how quickly the body breaks down dextromethorphan. This might increase the effects and side effects of dextromethorphan.

Losartan

The liver activates losartan to make it work. Phellodendron might decrease how quickly the body activates losartan, which might decrease the effects of losartan.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Phellodendron might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. If you are taking medications metabolised by the liver, monitor for any changes in how your medication affects you.

Phellodendron contains a chemical called berberine. Berberine might lower blood sugar levels. Taking phellodendron along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.

Medications for high blood pressure

• Amlodipine

• Ramipril

• Perindopril

• Metoprolol

• Losartan

• Hydrochlorothiazide

Metformin

Phellodendron contains a chemical called berberine. Berberine might increase the amount of metformin in the body. This may increase its effects and side effects. This interaction seems to occur when berberine is taken around 2 hours before metformin. Taking berberine and metformin at the same time doesn't seem to increase the amount of metformin in the body.

Midazolam

The body breaks down midazolam to get rid of it. Phellodendron contains a chemical called berberine. Berberine can decrease how quickly the body breaks it down. This might increase the effects and side effects of midazolam.

Pentobarbital

Pentobarbital is a medication that can cause sleepiness. Phellodendron might also cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Taking phellodendron with pentobarbital might cause too much sleepiness.

Sedative medications

• Diazepam

• Alprazolam

• Temazepam

• Zolpidem

• Zopiclone

• Promethazine

Phellodendron might cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Some medications, called sedatives, can also cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Taking phellodendron with sedative medications might cause breathing problems and/or too much sleepiness.

Tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is removed from the body by the liver. Phellodendron contains a chemical called berberine. Berberine might slow down the body's ability to remove tacrolimus. This might increase the effects and side effects of tacrolimus.